К ВОПРОСУ О СЛОИСТОСТИ БЫТОВОЙ ВОДЫ

advertisement
!" 546.212-53
6 1 477.556.6.133-07
.
. !"#$%&', (.). *+%+"&'+, ,.-. ./'0/1%&, ,.2. 3/456"7',
,.8. 9+:/1;%<=, ,. . !"#$%&', *.,. *&%"#$<1+
!"#$%&' ()$*+,"$-.!//0' -!1/&2!$%&' */&.!"$&-!345 «6!/-#)/-,7»
9 >?8@?AB ? A(?2A!?A!2 CD!?>?E >?3D
"!+8)7!/0 .!"$&& 9)/:-&: «#)/)$8)' .)+0». ;,$$#)-"!/0 .,"&,/-0 9)8*2!/&: #)/)$8): .)+0 -.!"+)' & 7&+%)' <,=. "!+8)7!/0 #!-)+&%& .0:.8!/&: $-"*%-*"/01 )>",=).,/&'
.)+0 & &1 <&%$&").,/&:.
9FG0/'H/ ;F&'+: #)/)$8)& .)+0, (,=))>",=/,:, 7&+%,:, -.!"+,: <,=0 .)+0, <)-)?<<!%- $-"*%-*"&").,//)' .)+0.
#$ %&'()*'+), [3] &$-(.'/0, 1'0 -02* .%0&.'*3. 4*5& */*%&$&)+('.3
.')+6'+)* -02,, 70%+1(//*3 7+'(5 8&6.&)0-*/&3 .%0(- -02, - (( 7*)009)*$/05, :&2605 & '-()205 .0.'03/&&. ; 6*1(.'-( 09<(2&/3=>(?0 70/3'&3 7)&/3'0 .%(2+=>(( 07)(2(%(/&(: 50/0.%0@ – (2&/.'-(//,@ 7%0'/0+7*60-*//,@
.%0@ *'050-, 50%(6+%, 6%('06 [2]. ; A&5&& «50/0.%0@ B(/?5=)*, &%& /()*.'-0)&5,@ 50/0.%0@, – C'0 /()*.'-0)&5,@ .%0@ '0%>&/0@ - 02/+ 50%(6+%+
0)?*/&1(.60?0 5*'()&*%*, )*.7)0.')*/(//,@ - -02/0@ 8*$(. B(/?5=) &.70%D$0-*% *58&8&%D/,( 5*'()&*%, & 5*'()&*%,, &5(=>&( 5*6)050%(6+%,
(70%&5(),). E'& .%0& &$+1*='.3 7)& 7)0&$-02.'-( 7%(/06, 60'0),( 80)5&)+='.3 )*$5(>(/&(5 50/0.%0(- /* '-()2,A 702%0:6*A» [2].
F0/0.%0@ G&99.* – C'0 )*.'-0)&5,@ 50/0.%0@, 80)5&)+=>&@.3 /*
.5(.&, 60'0)*3 )*.'-0)3('.3 - 02/0@ &$ 8*$, )*$2(%3(5,A 70-()A/0.'D=, /*
60'0)0@ 80)5&)+('.3 50/0.%0@ [2].
H)& C'05 -)(53 80)5&)0-*/&3 50/0.%03 t, ., 07&.,-*('.3 80)5+%0@
t!=!
3 104
,
P
?2(
– 2*-%(/&(, H*.
; 9&0%0?&&, 7)& &..%(20-*/&& 6%('01/,A .')+6'+), 50/0.%0(5 /*$,-*=' .%0@ 6%('06, - 60'0),A /(' 6%('06, )*.'+>&A 70-()A 2)+?&A, * -.( 6%('6& )*.'+' -7%0'/+= 2)+? 6 2)+?+ &%& 1*.'0 .07)&6*.*='.3 2)+? . 2)+?05 /*
02/0@ & '0@ :( 70-()A/0.'& )0.'*. I1&'*('.3, 1'0 50/050%(6+%3)/,@ .%0@ –
.%0@ '0%>&/0@ - 02/+ 50%(6+%+, 60'0),@ 09)*$+('.3 /* ?)*/&J*A )*$2(%* 8*$
(/*7)&5(), - )($+%D'*'( *2.0)9J&&) [3].
121
#$-(.'/0, 1'0 70%3)/,( 50%(6+%, -02, 09<(2&/3='.3 - 7)0.',( &%&
.%0:/,( *..0J&*',. 1&',-*3 8*$0-0( .0.'03/&( -02,, 2%3 07)(2(%(/&3 .+>/0.'& (( 50/0.%03 -0$50:/0 &.70%D$0-*'D .%(2+=>&( 70/3'&3:
1. F0/0.%0@ -02, - '-()20@ 8*$( – C'0 02&/ .%0@ 7%0'/0+7*60-*//,A
&%& )*$)0$/(//,A *..0J&*'0- 5*6)050%(6+% -02, 5(:2+ 70-()A/0.'35& -02,, /*A023>&@.3 - :&260@ 8*$(.
2. F0/0.%0@ -02, - :&260@ 8*$( – C'0 .:*',@ .%0@, $*6%=1(//,@ 5(:2+ 7%0.607*)*%%(%D/,5& '-()2,5& 70-()A/0.'35& . 09)*$0-*/&(5 70-()A/0.'/0?0 /*'3:(/&3 ?)*/&J, )*$2(%*, /( 5(/3=>(?0.3 7)& &$5(/(/&& 70-()A/0.'/0?0 2*-%(/&3 H [2]
H " # 0 $ #,
?2( # – 70-()A/0.'/0( /*7)3:(/&( ?)*/&J, )*$2(%* 7()(2 80)5&)0-*/&(5
50/0.%03; K – 70-()A/0.'/0( /*'3:(/&( ?)*/&J, )*$2(%* 70.%( 80)5&)0-*/&3 50/0.%03, &$5()3(50( 7+'(5 .:*'&3 . 09)*$0-*/&(5 &$0'()5, .:*'&3,
'.(. 60?2* - 50/0.%0( H = const.
#..%(2+3 .')+6'+)+ -02, 70 .%035, 09/*)+:&-*(5, 1'0 7%0'/0+7*60-*//+= .')+6'+)+ C'0?0 50/0.%03 -02, -,1%(/&'D .%0:/0, '*6 6*6 0'6%0/(/&( )(:&5* 09/*)+:(/&3 0' 07'&5*%D/0?0 -%(1(' $* .090@ 703-%(/&( .')+6'+), 7()(A02/0@ 8*$, &%& - 7%0'/0@ +7*60-6( 06*$,-*('.3 /( 02&/ 50/0.%0@.
F0/0.%0& -02,, 70%+1(//,( 7)& $*50)*:&-*/&& -02, - 7)0$)*1/0@ (560.'& (Ø 10 55, h = 20 55) 70 -.(5+ 09<(5+, '.(. /* -.= '0%>&/+ ()&.. 1) 09/*)+:(/, - 7)0J(..( (( '*3/&3. I%0& &5(=' '0%>&/+ 5–20 565 - $*-&.&50.'& 0'
?%+9&/, $*%(?*/&3 .%03, .0.'*-* -02, & 2)+?&A 0.09(//0.'(@ &..%(2+(50?0
5*'()&*%* /* 505(/' (?0 8&6.*J&&. !*%(( 7)&-023'.3 )($+%D'*', &..%(20-*/&3 50/0.%0(- 9,'0-0@ -02,.
H)0-(2(/, '*6:( C6.7()&5(/', 70 -,3-%(/&= .%0&.'0.'& -02, 7)&
7()(A02( &$ ?*$009)*$/0?0 .0.'03/&3 - '-()20(. #..%(20-*/&3 7)0-02&%&.D
- 50)0$&%D/0@ 6*5()( 7)& '(57()*'+)( –13 °I & 02/0-)(5(//05 7)&'06( -0$2+L/0@ .)(2, &$-/( . '(57()*'+)0@ 20 °I.
0
!
"
M&.. 1. #$5(/(/&( .')+6'+), -02, 7)& 7()(A02( &$ '-()20@ 8*$, -02,
- :&26+=, ×50: ! – '-()2*3 8*$*; " – :&26*3 8*$*
122
;02* &$ -0$2+A*, 70.'+7*=>*3 - 6*5()+, /* -()A/(@ 70-()A/0.'& 60/2(/.&)0-*%*.D, 09)*$+3 %(?6+= 7+L&.'+= 5*..+ «./(?*» ()&.. 2), /*705&/*=>+= .'*%*6'&', 70 A*)*6'()+ 80)5&)0-*/&3 5*..,. I%0& &5(=' '0%>&/+ 5–10 565.
!
"
M&.. 2. I%0&.'0.'D -02, 70.%( 60/2(/.*J&& &$ 7*)009)*$/0@ - '-()2+= 8*$+:
! – 1*.'&1/0 )*.'*3-L*3 '-()2*3 8*$*; " – '-()2*3 8*$* -023/,A 6)&.'*%%0-
I%0&.'0.'D -02, -0$50:/0 09/*)+:&'D & 5('0205 /*/(.(/&3 6*7%& /*
.'(6%3//+= 7%*.'&/+ . 70.%(2+=>&5 -,.+L&-*/&(5 (( /* -0$2+A( 7)& 605/*'/0@ '(57()*'+)( ()&.. 3). N* .1(' (.'(.'-(//,A J(/')09(:/,A .&% - 6*7%(
7)& (( -,.+L&-*/&& -,3-%3='.3 .%0&.
M&.. 3. I%0&.'0.'D -02, 70.%( -,.+L&-*/&3
6*7%& :&260@ 8*$,
; .%+1*( -0$2(@.'-&3 70.'03//,5 5*?/&'05 /* -02+, 7()(-(2(//+= &$
'-()20@ 8*$, (./(:&/06, 70%+1(//,A - (.'(.'-(//,A +.%0-&3A - *'50.8()()
- :&26+= 8*$+ +:( . A0)0L0 0)?*/&$0-*//0@ 6)&.'*%%&1(.60@ .')+6'+)0@,
09/*)+:&-*(5, 1'0 -02* -&$+*%&$&)0-*%* 5*?/&'/,( .&%0-,( %&/&& $* .1('
-,.')*&-*/&3 *..0J&*'0- 2&70%D/,A 50%(6+% - .%0& - .00'-('.'-&& . /*7)*-%(/&(5 .&%0-,A %&/&@ 5*?/&'* ()&.. 4, !).
; 0'%&1&( 0' «/(0)?*/&$0-*//,A» *..0J&*'0-, '.(. . ?('()0?(//0@
.')+6'+)0@, .01('*=>(@ 9%&:/&@ & 2*%D/&@ 70)3206 (6)&.'*%%&1(.6*3
& *50)8/*3 .')+6'+)/,( .0.'*-%3=>&(), 9,'0-*3 -02* -&$+*%&$&)0-*%*
'0%D60 '( +1*.'6&, 60'0),( 06*$*%&.D .')+6'+)/0 1+-.'-&'(%D/,5& 6 -0$2(@.'-&= '0?0 :( 70.'03//0?0 5*?/&'* ()&.. 4, ").
123
!
"
M&.. 4. ;,3-%(/&( .&%0-,A %&/&@ 70.'03//0?0 5*?/&'*:
! – 5*?/&'/,( .&%0-,( %&/&& - $*6)&.'*%%&$0-*//0@ -02(;
" – 5*?/&'/,( .&%0-,( %&/&& - 9,'0-0@ -02(
; .-3$& . &$9&)*'(%D/,5 A*)*6'()05 70-(2(/&3 -02, - :&2605 .0.'03/&&
[1] /*9%=2(/&3 $* .')+6'+)/,5 .0.'03/&(5 -02, - 50/0.%0(, -()03'/0, 7)*-&%D/0 -(.'& .%(2+=>&5 09)*$05: -*)&*/' 1 – 70 2&.6)('/,5 +1*.'6*5 0)?*/&$*J&& .')+6'+), - '-()20@ 8*$( *..0J&*'0- 5(:2+ :&26&5& 8*$*5& -02,, -*)&*/' 2 – 8&6.&)0-*'D .')+6'+)+ :&260@ 8*$, *..0J&*'0- 5(:2+ 7%0.607*)*%%(%D/,5& '-()2,5& 70-()A/0.'35& (.'(6%3//,5& 7%*.'&/*5&).
#..%(20-*/&3 .')+6'+)/,A 09)*$0-*/&@ -02, 70 -*)&*/'+ 2 ()&.. 5)
706*$*%&, 1'0 .('1*'*3 .')+6'+)* -02, :&260@ 8*$, 0'%&1*('.3 0' .')+6'+)009)*$0-*/&3 .('6& 70 -*)&*/'+ 1 ()&.. 6). ; 7)0J(..( $*50)*:&-*/&3 7)0&.A02&' &/'(/.&-/0( +.%0:/(/&( .')0(/&3 .('6&: +6)+7/(/&( .')+6'+)/,A
C%(5(/'0-, -,.')*&-*/&( 2(80)5&)0-*//,A 7%*.'&/ - J(7016& . +7)01/(/&(5 .-3$(@ 5(:2+ C%(5(/'*5&.
M&.. 5. I('1*'*3 .')+6'+)* - :&260@
8*$( -02,
M&.. 6. I('1*'*3 .')+6'+)*
- '-()20@ 8*$( -02,
4* )&.. 7 706*$*/ 50/0.%0@ -02, 70.%( -0$2(@.'-&3 /* /(( $-+60-,5&
-0%/*5&. 4* )&.. 8, ! 706*$*/ 50/0.%0@ 7%0'/0+7*60-*//0@ 0)&(/'&)0-*//0@
.')+6'+), &$ *..0J&*'0- -02, 702 -0$2(@.'-&(5 5/0?0)*$0-0?0 02/0/*7)*-%(//0?0 5(A*/&1(.60?0 -0$2(@.'-&3 (7+'(5 -0$-)*'/0-70.'+7*'(%D/0?0 ((
7()(5(>(/&3 - J&%&/2)( 2&*5(')05 20 55 & 2%&/0@ 50 55). H0%+1*(5 .L&'+= .&.'(5+ *..0J&*'0- 5*6)050%(6+%. 4* )&.. 8, " $*8&6.&)0-*/0 -/(2)(/&(
02/0?0 50/0.%03 - 2)+?0@ 7)& */*%0?&1/05 -0$2(@.'-&& /* -02+. ; .%+1*(,
124
7)(2.'*-%(//05 /* )&.. 8, ", 7)&/&5*(5 $* 50/0.%0@ -()A/&@ .%0@ .')+6'+),
*..0J&*'0- 5*6)050%(6+%, 60'0),@ )*$5(>(/ /* /&:(%(:*>(5 .%0( *..0J&*'0-. H)& .60)0.'/0@ .<(56( +2*('.3 $*8&6.&)0-*'D 70.%0@/+= .5(/+ 02/0?0
.%03 $* 2)+?&5, '*6 6*6 '-()2*3 8*$* /*A02&'.3 5(:2+ 2-+53 7)0$)*1/,5&
«7%*.'&/*5&» &$ -02, :&260@ 8*$,.
M&.. 7. F0/0.%0@ -02, 70.%(
-0$2(@.'-&3 $-+60-,5& -0%/*5&
!
"
M&.. 8. F0/0.%0& -02, 702 5(A*/&1(.6&5&
-0$2(@.'-&35&
M*$)*90'*//*3 5('02&6* 70%+1(/&3 50/0.%03 -02, 5(:2+ 2-+53 7%0.607*)*%%(%D/,5& .'(6%3//,5& 7%*.'&/*5& $*6%=1*('.3 - .%(2+=>(5. G0'0-3' 2-( .'(6%3//,( 7%*.'&/, '0%>&/0@ 1 55 . 70-()A/0.'D= 90 × 120 552 7+'(5 '>*'(%D/0@ 01&.'6& 70-()A/0.'(@ - 09($:&)&-*=>(5 )*.'-0)(. H0.%(
C'0?0 702 .')+(@ -02, .5,-*=' 09($:&)&-*=>&@ )*.'-0) & .+L*' 70-()A/0.'& .*%8('6*5& &$ 53?60@, /0 /( -0).&.'0@ '6*/&. H)0-()3=' .'(7(/D 01&.'6&
7%*.'&/06 /* 5&6)0.607(. N*'(5 /* 7%0.6+= 70-()A/0.'D 702%0:6&, 3-%3=>+=.3 02/0-)(5(//0 /*?)(-*'(%D/,5 C%(5(/'05, +6%*2,-*=' 02/+ &$ 7%*.'&/
& &$ 7&7('6&, - 60'0)+= 7)(2-*)&'(%D/0 /*9)*/ &..%(2+(5,@ .%0@, 6*7*='
-02+ /* 70-()A/0.'D C'0@ 7%*.'&/,. !)+?+= 7%*.'&/+ 5(2%(//0 +6%*2,-*='
/* 70-()A/0.'D 7()-0@ 2%3 '0?0, 1'09, 70%+1&'D 7)0.%0@6+ -02, 5(:2+ /&5&
70 -0$50:/0.'& 9($ -0$2+L/,A 70%0.'(@. N*'(5 /* 7)0.%0@6+ -02, -0$2(@.'-+=' '(57()*'+)0@ & 2*-%(/&(5. !%3 C'0?0 $*2*=' '(57()*'+)+ - 2&*7*$0/(
150–300 °I. I-()A+ /* 7%*.'&/, 06*$,-*=' 2*-%(/&( /*?)+:*=>&5 C%(5(/'05. 4*?)+:(/&( 7)0-02&'.3 70.'(7(//0 20 20.'&:(/&3 /*?)+$6& /* -023/+=
7)0.%0@6+ - 7)(2(%*A 1–4 ?/552.
;0$2(@.'-&( '(57()*'+),, 9%&$60@ 6 '(57()*'+)( 7()(?)('0?0 7*)*
(180 °I) &%& 6 '(57()*'+)( 7%*-%(/&3 70%&5()* 060%0 300 °I, . 02/0-)(5(//,5 2(@.'-&(5 .:&5*=>&A .&% 70$-0%&%0 +-&2('D /( '0%D60 *..0J&*', 50%(6+% :&260@ 8*$, -02, & )*$/009)*$&( &A .')+6'+), & 80)5 - 50/0.%0(
(5–20 565), /0 '*6:( '(6.'+)+ 50/0.%03 «.+A0@» -02,. !%&'(%D/0.'D 7)0J(..*
.5,6*/&3 7%*.'&/ . 09)*$0-*/&(5 50/0.%03 /*A02&'.3 - 7)(2(%*A 10–15 .,
* -,2():6* 702 /*?)+$60@ /* /*?)(-*'(%D/05 C%(5(/'( – 1–2 5&/ - $*-&.&50.'& 0' -,9)*//0?0 )(:&5*, /*7)&5() # = 150–180 °I, .: = 4 ?/552; &%& # =
= 300 °I, .: = 1–2 ?/552 & '.2.)
125
H0.%( 02/0-)(5(//0?0 ./3'&3 /*?)+$6& & 0'6%=1(/&3 /*?)(-*'(%D/0?0
C%(5(/'* 7%*.'&/, 0A%*:2*='.3 7)& 605/*'/0@ '(57()*'+)(. H0 060/1*/&&
0A%*:2(/&3 -,3-%3('.3 '(6.'+)* 50/0.%03, 60'0)*3 &..%(20-*%*.D 702 07'&1(.6&5 5&6)0.60705 7)& )*$%&1/,A +-(%&1(/&3A - $*-&.&50.'& 0' )*$5()*
&..%(2+(50?0 C%(5(/'* .')+6'+),.
H0.60%D6+ '()502&/*5&1(.6*3 +.'0@1&-0.'D &..%(2+(5,A '0/6&A 7)0.%0(6 )*$%&1/* & $*-&.&' 0' .60)0.'& & )*.6%&/&-*=>(?0 2*-%(/&3, '0 7)&
+'0/DL(/&& /(09A02&50 .0A)*/&'D )*-/0-(.&( 7)0.%0@6& . 09<(5/0@ 8*$0@,
* '*6:( .0A)*/&'D A&5&1(.6&( 70'(/J&*%, -.(A 60570/(/'0-, 60'0),( -A023' - 09<(5/+= 8*$+ [4]. ; )*90'( [5] 2*('.3 5*'(5*'&1(.60( 090./0-*/&(
70%+1(//0?0 )*$/009)*$&3 '(6.'+), 7%(/06. "*6 +'-():2*(' *-'0), (.%&
- /*1*%( C'0?0 7)0J(..* C88(6'&-/0( )*.6%&/&-*=>(( 2*-%(/&( Hi (h) 9,%0
)*-/0 )*-/0-(./05+, '0 - 60/J( 0/0 20%:/0 9,%0 (?0 7)(-$0@'&:
* +$ '
% e Oh + H(h).
) +h &
Hi (h + Oh) > (
I +1('05 0')&J*'(%D/0?0 $/*6* Oh C'0 7)&-02&' 6 .80)5+%&)0-*//05+
-,L( +.%0-&=:
dH * dH '
<(
% e.
dh ) dh &
;0$50:/, .%+1*&, 60?2* +.%0-&( +.'0@1&-0.'& 7)0.%0@6& +20-%('-0)3('.3 70 0'/0L(/&= 6 9,.'),5 &$5(/(/&35 (( '0%>&/,, /0 /( .09%=2*('.3 70 0'/0L(/&= 6 (( 5(2%(//,5 &$5(/(/&35 (*/*%0?&1/0 .'*9&%&$&)+=>(5+ C88(6'+ F*)*/?0/& – G&99.* 7)& )*.'3:(/&& 7%(/06 [5]).
; 7)(2.'*-%(//0@ )*90'( &..%(2+('.3 /( '(6.'+)* 70-()A/0.'& 7)0.%0(6, 70%+1(//,A 5(:2+ 7%0.607*)*%%(%D/,5& '-()2,5& 7%*.'&/*5& 7+'(5
'0%D60 2*-%(/&3 /* 7%*.'&/6&, ?2( &2+' - 0./0-/05 2&88+$&0//,( 7)0J(..,
/* ?)*/&J( .'(6%0 – -02*, * .')+6'+)* .*5&A -02/,A *..0J&*'0-. !%3 C'0?0
-02+ 702-()?*%& 5(:2+ 7%*.'&/*5& '()505(A*/&1(.605+ -0$2(@.'-&= ('(57()*'+)* + )*.6%&/&-*=>(( 2*-%(/&().
; )($+%D'*'( 09/*)+:(/, .')+6'+)/,( 09)*$0-*/&3 50/0.%03 - -&2(
02/0.%0@/0?0 C%(5(/'* ()&.. 9). 4* )&.. 10 7)(2.'*-%(/* 2-+A.%0@/*3 .')+6'+)* 09)*$0-*/&3 70%3)/,A *..0J&*'0- 9,'0-0@ -02,.
; 2*//05 C6.7()&5(/'( 7)& &$5(/(/&& '(57()*'+), & 2*-%(/&3 /*9%=2*('.3 02/0-)(5(//0( ./&:(/&( -3$60.'& .%03 -02, & (?0 +'0/DL(/&(,
1'0 70$-0%3(' 70%+1&'D /( '0%D60 50/0.%0@ -02, (10–30 565), /0 & 50/0.%0@
.')+6'+)/0?0 C%(5(/'* -02, (2–10 565).
126
M&.. 9. F0/0.%0@ 02/0?0
C%(5(/'* -02,
M&.. 10. ;()A/&@ 50/0.%0@ -02,
/* 80/( /&:(%(:*>(?0 50/0.%03
;-&2+ '0?0, 1'0 /*L C6.7()&5(/' 70$-0%3(' .0A)*/&'D .')+6'+)/,(
09)*$0-*/&3 50/0.%03 -02, ()&.. 11–13) & 50/0.%03 (2&/&1/0?0 09)*$0-*/&3
()&.. 9–10), C'0 2*(' $*8&6.&)0-*'D &A 9($ 2*%D/(@L&A &$5(/(/&@. ")05( '0?0, )*.L&)3='.3 -0$50:/0.'& &..%(20-*/&3 .')+6'+)009)*$0-*/&3 -02,
& -02/,A )*.'-0)0-.
!
"
M&.. 11. F/0?0.%0@/,( .')+6'+)/,( C%(5(/', :&260@ 8*$, -02,
!
"
M&.. 12. M*$/009)*$&( 80)5 5/0?0.%0@/,A C%(5(/'0- :&260@ 8*$, -02,
E'0' .70.09 70$-0%&% $*8&6.&)0-*'D 505(/' -$*&502(@.'-&3 2&70%D/,A *..0J&*'0- -02, - 50/0.%0( ()&.. 10 & 13). 4* )&.. 11 7%*.'&/, &$ *..0J&*'0- 5*6)050%(6+% -02, 7)&'3/+%&.D 7)0'&-070%0:/,5& 70%=.*5& 2)+?
6 2)+?+, * /* )&.. 13 706*$*/ 505(/' 0'.%0(/&3 50/0.%03 (.')+6'+)/0@ (2&/&J,) 0' 7%0'/0?0 5/0?0.%0@/0?0 09)*$0-*/&3 +'0/DL(//0?0 .%03 -02,.
127
; )($+%D'*'( 7)0-(2(//,A &..%(20-*/&@ 50:/0 .2(%*'D -,-02, 1'0 $*
50/0.%0@ -02, 50:/0 7)&/&5*'D 02&/
&$ .%0(- -02, (0'1('%&-0 7)0.5*')&-*=>&A.3 /* )&.. 1–9); .%0@ 0'2(%D/0
-$3'0?0 .')+6'+)/0?0 09)*$0-*/&3 :&260@ 8*$, /* 80/( '-()20@ 9(..')+6'+)/0@ 702%0:6& (.'(6%0) ()&.. 10, 11, 14);
.')+6'+)+ 0'2(%D/0?0 09)*$0-*/&3 (09M&.. 13. F0/0.%0@ /* 80/(
)*$0-*/&@) '-()20@ 8*$, -02, /* 80/(
5/0?0.%0@/0?0 C%(5(/'*
:&260@ 8*$, ()&.. 4–6).
09)*$0-*/&3 :&260@ 8*$, -02,
H0%+1(//,( )($+%D'*', &..%(20-*/&3 7)0J(..0- .')+6'+)/0?0 7)(-)*>(/&3 9,'0-0@ -02, /*L%& 60/6)('/0( 7)*6'&1(.60( 7)&5(/(/&( 7)& )*$)*90'6( ?&2)08&%D')0-: '*6&A, /*7)&5(), 6*6 - 6057%(6./05 +.')0@.'-( «E60-(.'». #.70%D$0-*/&( 7)0J(..*
)(J&)6+%3J&& -023/0?0 )*.'-0)* - ?&2)08&%D')( .70.09.'-+(' *6'&-*J&&
-()A/&A .%0(- -02, & 7*..&-*J&& /&:/&A .%0(-. !*%(( 2&.7()?&)0-*//*3
-02* &$ 80).+/06 - -&2( -023/0@ $*-(., 70.'+7*(' - -()A/&( .%0& 60/'*6'/0@ (560.'&. E'0 70$-0%3(' +.')*/3'D $*?)3$/(/&3 &$ -0$2+A*. N*?)3$/(//*3
1*.'D -02/0?0 )*.'-0)* /*7)*-%3('.3 - 7%0'/,( /&:(%(:*>&( .%0& 60/'*6'/0@ (560.'&. N* .1(' 0)?*/&$0-*//0@ 0)&(/'*J&& .')+6'+)/,A C%(5(/'0- .%03A +2*('.3 $/*1&'(%D/0 +-(%&1&'D -)(53 +2():*/&3 - )*.'-0)( 1*.'&J
$*?)3$/(/&3 & '(5 .*5,5 09(.7(1&'D /*&90%(( 70%/0( 01&>(/&( -0$2+A* 0'
-)(2/,A 7)&5(.(@.
H)(2%0:(//,( 5('02, 70%+1(/&3 & &..%(20-*/&3 -02, 70 .%035 7)&5(/&5, '*6:( 6*6 5('02, 60/')0%3 .0.'03/&3 -02,, /*7)&5(), - -020(5*A,
-()A/&( & /&:/&( .%0& 60'0),A 0'%&1*='.3 70 5/0?&5 7*)*5(')*5 (7%0'/0.'D, .0.'*-, .')+6'+)/*3 «1+-.'-&'(%D/0.'D» 6 -0$2(@.'-&= )*$%&1/,A
.)(2, '(7%08&$&1(.6&( .-0@.'-* & '.2.).
!"#$% &"'()*'+),
1. " -07)0.+ 0 .')+6'+)/,A -&20&$5(/(/&3A -02, 702 -%&3/&(5 -/(L/(@
& -/+')(//(@ .)(2,. I)*-/&'(%D/,@ */*%&$ 2*//,A .0-)(5(//0@ /*+6& 0 7)&)02( -02, / P.P. Q)+L60-, B.R. F*6*)0-*, S.H. "*5(/.6&A, S.P. Q)+L60- //
;(.'/&6 HGQ . F*L&/0.')0(/&(, 5*'()&*%0-(2(/&(. – H()5D, 2010. – T 4. –
Q. 12. – I. 146–174.
2. F0/0*'05/,@ .%0@. – URL: http:/ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DO%9C%
DO%BE%DO%BD%DO%BE%D1%81%DO%B%DO%BE%DO%B9).
3. F0/0.%0@. – URL: http:// ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolayer.
128
4. !()3?&/ U.;., V+)*(- 4.;., F+%%() ;.F. H0-()A/0.'/,( .&%,. – F.:
4*+6*, 1987. – I. 30–50.
5. !()3?&/ U.;. H0-()A/0.'/,( .%0&. – F.: 4*+6*, 1985. – I. 29–52.
6. G0590(- M.#., I&5*60- #.G. 4&$601*.'0'/*3 2&C%(6')&1(.6*3 7)0/&J*(50.'D -02, - *2.0)9J&0//05 .%0(. !06%*2 0'2(%* 8&$&1(.6&A 7)09%(5
U+)3'.60?0 /*+1/0?0 J(/')* IW MS4. – URL: http://bsfp.irk.ru/bsfp1999/bsff2/
bb05bn6.php.
7. S2*51&6 S., I')+?*%D.6&@ N. X&26&( 6)&.'*%%, / 7(). . 70%D.60?0. –
F.: I0-('.60( )*2&0, 1979. – I. 39–47.
H0%+1(/0 14.01.2011
129
Download