вечера на хуторе близ диканьки

!" 821.161.1 – 31.09
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?-+/ 1 8. 3. [10, 2.233]. & K1C-. $.&.@+A+-6 «&.D.*0 50 :=8+*. ,-1? !1C05BC1» N8+ 7*+814+7+2804-.51. 64-6.826 40>59/ N-./.58+/ 7*+28*05284.55+< 4.*81C0-1. !05506
+77+?1K16 1A*0.8 ?0/.85=J *+-B 4 2J>.8++,*0?+40511 7.*49: 7+4.28.< 71208.-6.
&.*81C0-B506 C0*8150 /1*0 A+A+-.42C1: 7+4.28.< 7+28*+.50 A-0459/ +,*0?+/ 50
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(4+30 1-1 7+3?./59< /1*/03) – ?./-6 – %&'( (5.,+).
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5.1?/.*1/9< +C.05, 2-03+28*02859/ C=7+-+/ 50A5=4;1<26 503 ?./-LJ», «5.+,Q6859< 5.,.259< 24+3». $.,+ = @+A+-6 5. 8+-BC+ 7*.C*025+, 5+ 1 4+?49;.55+, ,+>.284.55+, +D0*+408.-B5+. R*0451/ 4 7+4.281 «F0<2C06 5+DB»: «S0C >. 8+*>.284.55+
39;0-+ 4 49;15. <…>. S0C >. 7*.C*0250 ,9-0 ?./-6 4 3145+/ 2.*.,*65+/ ,-.2C.»
[4, c.80]. %*1/.D08.-B5+, D8+, 5.2/+8*6 50 5.+35+C*085+ 7+3D.*C5=8=J 71208.-./ 5.+,Q685+28B 5.,.25+< 2M.*9, /9 4131/ .L 51>51< C*0< 4 N8+< 7+4.281: «…5.+,Q685+
215.-+ 8.7-+. =C*0152C+. 5.,+, ?04.;.55+. 251?= C=3*649/1 4.846/1 <…> 41;.5»
[4, c.56].
& 8+ >. 4*./6 5.,+ 1 ?./-6 4 7+4.286: K1C-0 «&.D.*0 50 :=8+*. ,-1? !1C05BC1»
64-6J826 4+7-+E.51./ /=>2C+A+ 1 >.52C+A+ 50D0-0. @+A+-6 «A+-=,+< 5.1?/.*1/9<
+C.05 <…> ?025=-, 4.2B 7+8+5=4;1 4 5.A., +,51/06 1 2>1/06 7*.C*025=J [?./-J –
#.%.] 4 4+?3=;59: +,Q6816: 24+1:» [4, c.14]. T350C+ 5.,+ 4 A+A+-.42C1: 7+4.286: 4928=70.8 C0C /=>2C+. 50D0-+ 8+-BC+ 8+A30, C+A30 4+?3=;506 281:16 2-140.826 2 4+35+<,
8+ .28B, 4 *+-1 5.,0-+C.050. «U3.2B 50;-1 +8*0>.51. 7*.32804-.516 3*.451: 2-0465 +
,*0C. ,+A0 $.,0 1 ,+A151 F08.*1 R9*0-?./-1» [9, c.79]. $.,+ 7+ +85+;.51J C +C.05=
(4+3.) 21/4+-1?1*=.8 >.52C+. 50D0-+: «"0C ,.221-B59< 280*.K, 3.*>0- +5 [7*=3 –
#.%.] 4 :+-+359: +,Q6816: 24+1: 30-.C+., 8./5+. 5.,+, +,29706 -.3659/1 7+K.-=6/1
+A5.559. ?4.?39» [4, c.57].
T77+?1K16 %&'(/)*+ *.0-1?=.826 4 7+4.286: @+A+-6 5. 8+-BC+ C0C 7*+814+7+2804-.51. 5.,0 1 ?./-1, 5+ 1 C0C +8*0>.51. 5.,0 4 4+3.: «$.,+, .A+ D128+. ?.*C0-+ – *.C0
69
4 ?.-.59:, A+*3+ 7+35689: *0/0:...» [4, c.14-15]; «$.,+, ?.-.59. 1 2151. -.20, -J31,
4+?9 2 A+*;C0/1, /.-B51K9 – 42. +7*+C15=-+2B, 28+6-+ 1 :+31-+ 44.*: 5+A0/1, 5.
70306 4 A+-=,=J 7*.C*025=J ,.?35=» [4, c.16]. %+3+,59. 7*+814+7+2804-.516 428*.D0J826 4 *055.< 7*+?. @+A+-6 3+4+-B5+ D028+. $07*1/.*, 4 7+4.281 «R8*0;506 /.28B»
!5.7* 1 /.>A+*59. +?L*0 5. 7*+28+ +8*0>0J8 5.,+, 5+ 7+3D.*C140J8 .A+ A-=,15=:
«@+*9 8. – 5. A+*9: 7+3+;49 = 51: 5.8, 451?= 1: C0C 1 44.*:=, +28*06 4.*;150, 1 7+3
51/1 1 503 51/1 492+C+. 5.,+. S. -.20, D8+ 28+68 50 :+-/0:, 5. -.20: 8+ 4+-+29, 7+*+2;1. 50 C+2/08+< A+-+4. -.25+A+ 3.30. %+3 5.J 4 4+3. /+.826 ,+*+30, 1 7+3 ,+*+3+J 1 503 4+-+20/1 492+C+. 5.,+. S. -=A0 – 5. -=A0: 8+ ?.-.59< 7+62, 7.*.7+6204;1<
7+2.*.315. C*=A-+. 5.,+, 1 4 4.*:5.< 7+-+415. 1 4 51>5.< 7+-+415. 7*+A=-140.826
/.26K» [4, c.141]. !40 +C.050 – 4+?3=;59< 1 4+359<, =3-156J8 4.*81C0-B5=J +2B
/1*0 (+,9D5+ +A*051D.55=J 4 *0/C0: «5.,+ – ?./-6») 3+ ,.2C+5.D5+281. !0>. >04+*+5+C = @+A+-6 3*+>18 «44.*:= 8+-BC+, 4 5.,.25+< A-=,15.», 0 5. 492+8. [4, c.14].
& /1M+-+A11 246?B /.>3= 5.,+/ 1 ?./-L< 7+3D.*C140.826 7*1 7+/+E1 +,*0?+4
-.2851K9, *.C1 1 F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40. P81 =28+<D149. /1M+-+A1D.2C1. 7*.32804-.516
+ 246?1 4.*:5.A+ 1 51>5.A+ /1*+4 50;-1 +8*0>.51. 4 4-: 7+4.286: K1C-0. S0C, 4 7+4.281 «F0<2C06 5+DB, 1-1 =8+7-.551K0» @0550 ?0/.D0.8, D8+ «….28B A3.-8+, 4 C0C+<-8+
30-.C+< ?./-., 80C+. 3.*.4+, C+8+*+. ;=/18 4.*;15+J 4 20/+/ 5.,., 1 G+A 2:+318 7+
5./ 50 ?./-J 5+DBJ 7.*.3 24.8-9/ 7*0?351C+/» [4, c.56]. F.%+7+41D =C0?940.8, D8+
@0-6 7*.32804-6.8 246?B 5.,0 1 ?./-1 4 2++84.828411 2 6?9D.2C1/1 7*.32804-.516/1,
4 413. F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40, 0 ,+-.. +,*0?+40559< (.4C+, 7+N8 1 /=?9C058, 7.*.4+318
6?9D.2C=J +,*0?5+28B 7+-24+./= [11, c.61]. &.V.F0K07=*0 +,*0E0.8 451/051. 50 8+,
D8+ 4 7*.32804-.511 (.4C0 6?9D.2C+/= 3.*.4= 2++84.8284=.8 +,*0? -.2851K9 «+8 5.,0
3+ 20/+< ?./-1», 7+ C+8+*+< G+A 27=2C0.826 50 ?./-J [9, c.78]. T,*0? -.2851K9 428*.D0.826 1 4 7+4.281 «R+*+D152C06 6*/0*C0». %.251 >04+*+5C0 «-.868 7+ 4+?3=;59/
28=7.56/ 50 4-J,-.55=J ?./-J» [4, c.14] – 24.*:= 451?, 0 5.,+, 7+3+,5+. +C.05=,
2+.3156.826 2 ?./-L< 7*1 7+/+E1 5.?*1/+< 4+?3=;5+< -.2851K9 1 «7+3+,-0D59:
3=,+4».
& /1M+-+A1D.2C+/ /1*. «&.D.*+4 50 :=8+*. ,-1? !1C05BC1» 24+.+,*0?59/ 2++84.82841./ /1*+4+< +21 64-6.826 3=,. P8+ 3.*.4+ 21/4+-1?1*=.8 4.*81C0-B, 7*6/=J, C+8+*06 64-6.826 246?=JE1/ ?4.5+/ /.>3= 4.*:+/ 1 51?+/. %+ /5.51J @0559,
A.*+151 7+4.281 «F0<2C06 5+DB, 1-1 =8+7-.551K0», «51 +315 3=, = 502 5. 3+2805.8
3+ 5.,0» [4, c.56]. %0*02C0 4 7+4.281 «R+*+D152C06 6*/0*C0» 4 2.*3K0: 4+2C-1K0.8:
«RC+*.. 7.2+C 4?+<3.8 50 C0/5. 1 3=, 7+A5.826 4 4+3=, C0C 4.*,0, 5.>.-1 6 50A5=2B
7.*.3 8+,+J!» [4, c.37]. S0C1/ +,*0?+/, 127+-B?=6 M+-BC-+*5=J 21/4+-1C=, A.*+156
7+3D.*C140.8, D8+ 5. 7+C-+51826 24+.< /0D.:. 7*1 428*.D. 2 5.<, 4.3B 3=, 2D180.826
21/4+-+/ A+*3+281 1 5.7+C+-.,1/+281 [12, c.12; 29].
& 2-04652C+< /1M+-+A11 1/.55+ 3=, 64-6.826 21/4+-+/ F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40, =
7+35+>B6 C+8+*+A+ «2+4.*;0.826 40>5.<;1< C+2/+A+51D.2C1< 1-1 *18=0-B59< 0C8:
,+A1, ;0/059 1 8.7. 7*+51C0J8 4+ 42. /1*9» [10]. & 7+4.281 «R8*0;506 /.28B» 80C>.
=7+/150.826 «492+C1< 3=,», C+8+*9< 21/4+-1?1*=.8 7*+28*05284.55=J 4.*81C0-B
– 7.*.:+3 1? D.-+4.D.2C+A+ /1*0 4 3./+51D.2C1<. !051-+ G=*=-B,0; 4?,1*0.826 7+
N8+/= 3=,=, D8+,9 4?A-65=8B 4 +C5+ ?0/C0, 4 C+8+*+/ >14L8 C+-3=5. R+A-025+ /1M+-+A1D.2C1/ 4.*+40516/, 50 F1*+4+/ 3.*.4. +,180J8 3=;1. $.&.R-=:0< +8/.D0.8, D8+
= 4+28+D59: 2-0465 3.*.4+ 2D180.826 =C*981./ 7*1 *+>3.511, >1?51, 2/.*81 [12,
70
c.110]. S0C, 4 7+4.281 «F0<2C06 5+DB, 1-1 =8+7-.551K0» 415+C=* 7*.3-0A0.8 7+4.218B
«3B64+-0 4 494+*+D.55+/ 8=-=7.» «50 4.*:=;C. 3=,0 4/.28+ 7051C031-0» [4, c.72] 1
80C1/ +,*0?+/ 50C0?08B .A+.
& 34=D-.55+< /1M+-+A1D.2C+< 2128./. A+*9 ?051/0J8 7*+/.>=8+D5+. 7+-+>.51. /.>3= 4.*:+/ 1 51?+/, 64-662B +35+4*./.55+ 21/4+-+/ .315.516 5.,0 1 ?./-1 1
21/4+-+/ /5+>.284.55+281, *02;1*.516 =514.*2=/0, A+*6 1 7.D0-1 [12, c.11]. S0C1/
+,*0?+/, 49*12+4940.826 4.*81C0-B 5.,+–A+*9–?./-6/4+30. S0C, 4 7+4.281 «R8*0;506
/.28B» 048+* 127+-B?=.8 A17.*,+-1?1*+4055+. +712051. "0*708. & 3055+/ 7*+1?4.3.511 A+*9 (C0C 1 -.2851K0, *.C0 1-1 F1*+4+. 3.*.4+) 64-6J826 5.C1/ 7*+/.>=8+D59/ ?4.5+/ /.>3= 4.*:+/ 1 51?+/ (5.,+/ 1 ?./-L<): «$. ?03+*5+. -1 /+*. 49,.>0-+
4 ,=*J 1? ;1*+C1: ,.*.A+4, 42C15=-+ 41:*./ ,.?+,*0?59. 4+-59, 1 +51, +C0/.5.4,
+280-12B 5.341>1/9 4 4+?3=:.? $. +,+*40-12B -1 2 5.,0 86>.-9. 8=D1 1 ?0A*+/+?31-1 2+,+J ?./-J? 1,+ 1 50 51: 80C+< >. 2.*9< K4.8, 0 ,.-06 4.*:=;C0 ,-.2818 1
12C*1826 7*1 2+-5K.» [4, c.166]. T350C+, 4 N8+< >. 7+4.281 +77+?1K16 %&'(/)*+ 50:+318 4+7-+E.51. 4 7*+814+7+2804-.511 A+* ?./-.. S0C, :=8+* 7050 !051-0 50:+31826
451?=, «/.>3= 34=/6 A+*0/1, 4 =?C+< 3+-15., 2,.A0JE.< C !5.7*=» [4, c.144], 0 ?0/+C
C+-3=50 28+18 4+?-. A+*9, 1 20/ C+-3=5 27=2C0.826 C 5./=.
%*1/.D08.-B5+, D8+ 7+4.28B «R8*0;506 /.28B» 1/..8 501,+-.. 2-+>5=J
7*+28*05284.55+-4*./.55=J 28*=C8=*=. U3.2B 7*+28*05284.5506 34=:=*+45.406 4.*81C0-B (5.,+–?./-6) =3-156.826 1 8*052M+*/1*=.826 4 34. D.89*L:=*+45.49. 4.*81C0-1: 5.,+–A+*9–?./-6/4+30–«7*+40-9» (4 /1M1D.2C+/ 4*./.51), 1 5.,+–A+*9–
«7*+40-9»–7+3?./.-B. (4 128+*1D.2C+/ 4*./.51). & /1M+-+A1D.2C+< C0*815. /1*0
N80 4.*81C0-B +,9D5+ 1/..8 34. +21: 5.,+–?./-6 1 ?./-6–«7*+40-9». «…'28B /.>3=
A+*0/1 7*+40-, 4 7*+40-. 350 51C8+ 5. 4130-; 2C+-BC+ +8 ?./-1 3+ 5.,0, 28+-BC+ [+8
?./-1. – #.%.] 3+ 350 8+A+ 7*+40-0», – 71;.8 @+A+-B [4, c.174]. & 128+*1D.2C+< C0*815. /1*0 D.89*L:=*+45.406 4.*81C0-B 2+28+18 1? +2.< 5.,+–A+*9 1 A+*9–7*+40-9–
7+3?./.-B.: «1 3+595. 28+18 50 "0*708. 50 C+5. 31459< *9K0*B, 1 41318, C0C 4 ,.?3+55+/ 7*+40-. A*9?=8 /.*84.K9 /.*84.K0, 1 D=.8, C0C -.>0E1< 7+3 ?./-.J /.*84.K
*028.8…» [4, c.176].
& 7+4.281 «&.D.* 50C05=5. V4050 "=70-0» 80C>. /+>5+ +,50*=>18B 34. 3./+51D.2C1. 4.*81C0-1, C+8+*9. 64-6J826 24+.+,*0?5+< 8*052M+*/0K1.< /+3.-1 F1*+4+A+
3.*.40. %.8*=2B 27=281-26 4 A-=,+C1< 6*, A3. «2=53=C 280- =:+318B 4 ?./-J, 1 42., D./
30-.., A-=,>., A-=,>.; 0 7+?031 .A+ 2-9;0-26 :+:+8, ,+-.. 2:+>1< 2 ?/.159/ ;17.5B./» [4, c.47]. #48+* 5. 2-=D0<5+ =7+/150.8 + «?/.15+/ ;17.511». & 2++84.828411 2
/1M+-+A1D.2C1/1 7*.32804-.516/1 = C+*5.< F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40 +,9D5+ *027+-0A0.826
?/.<. !.80-1 8.C280 2413.8.-B284=J8 + 8+/, D8+ C-03 50:+31-26 4 51>5./ 7+ +85+;.51J C D.-+4.D.2C+/= /1*= 7*+28*05284., 0 %.8*=2B – 4 51>5./ 7+ +85+;.51J C 4.*:5./= (5.,.25+/=) /1*=. &8+*=J 3./+51D.2C=J 4.*81C0-B 50:+31/ 4 C+5K. 7+4.281.
@+A+-B 71;.8, D8+ 4 *0?40-14;./26 ;15C. «1? ?0C+78.4;.< 8*=,9 28+-,+/ 40-1- 39/
1, 7+3564;12B 492+C+, 80C, D8+ 7+2/+8*.8B – ;07C0 40-1-02B, *022970-26 A+*6D1/1
=A+-B6/1 7+ 42.< 28.71», 0 DL*8 «80C 42:-17940- >0-+,5+ 4 24+.< C+5=*., D8+ 127=A0559. A0<4+*+59 2806/1 7+39/0-12B 1? ,-1>5.A+ 3=,+4+A+ -.20 1 2 31C1/ C*1C+/
/.80-12B 7+ 5.,=» [4, c.53]. & /1M+-+A11 781K9 246?059 2 4.*;15+< F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40
(= @+A+-6 – «A0<4+*+59»), D.-+4.C – 2+ 284+-+/ (= @+A+-6 – «3+,*+/= D.-+4.C= 7*+<81
5.-B?6 ,9-+»), ?/.< – 2 C+*5./ (= @+A+-6 – DL*8, C+8+*+A+ 048+* 50?940.8 4 24+L/ K1C-.
«12C=218.-./ *+30 -J32C+A+»).
71
& /1M0: /5+A1: 50*+3+4 /1*0 4 C*+5. F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40 1?+,*0>0.826 A5.?3+.
& «R+*+D152C+< 6*/0*C.» 5.D1289<, + C+8+*+/ 7+4.284=.8 I9,=-6, 1?A50559< 1? 7.C-0 504.*:, 8+ .28B, 50 ?./-J, «=A5.?31-26» 4 20*0., 0 3.3 4 7+4.281 «%*+704;06 A*0/+80» 8*.,=.8 2.,. C+56, D8+,9 «49,*08B26 1? A5.?30 40;.A+!» (8... 5.D128+A+ A5.?30)
[4, c.90]. @0-6 4 «F0<2C+< 5+D1» *0?/9;-6.8 + 5.,. 1 C*9-B6:: «O8+, .2-1 ,9 = -J3.<
,9-1 C*9-B6, C0C = 781K, – 8=30 ,9 7+-.8.8B, 492+C+, 492+C+...» [4, c.56].
& A+A+-.42C1: «&.D.*0: 50 :=8+*. ,-1? !1C05BC1» .EL +351/ ?4.5+/, C+8+*+. 246?940.8 5.,.259< 1 ?./5+< /1*9 (7+/1/+ -.2851K9, F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40 1 A+*) 64-6.826
/.26K. $+D5+. 24.81-+ = @+A+-6 7+351/0.826 2 ?./-1 50 5.,+: «TA*+/59< +A5.559<
/.26K 4.-1D.284.55+ 280- 4 N8+ 4*./6 49*.?9408B26 1? ?./-1. 'E. 7+-+4150 .A+ ,9-0
7+3 ?./-.J, 0 =>. 4.2B /1* 127+-51-26 C0C+A+-8+ 8+*>.284.55+A+ 24.80» [4, c.59].
%*+28*05284.5506 +77+?1K16 %&'(/)*+ 497+-56.8 M=5CK1J ?50D1/+< +*1.580K1+55+< /.80M+*9 [2/.: (0C+MM !>., !>+52+5 F.]. S*031K1+55+ C++*315080 %&'(
127+-B?=.826 3-6 7+-+>18.-B5+< +K.5C1 64-.51< 1 +,Q.C8+4, 0 )*+ – 3-6 +8*1K08.-B5+<. S0C, C+-3=5 4 7+4.281 @+A+-6 «R8*0;506 /.28B» «27=281-26 2 A+*9», 0 %.8*=2B
«27=281-26 A=289/ -.2+/ 4 A-=,+C1< 6*», 8+ .28B 451? 7+ 4.*81C0-B5+< +21. & 7+4.281
«&.D.* 50C05=5. V4050 "=70-0», C0C 1 4+ /5+A1: /1M0:, 7.*./.E.51. A.*+6 7+ 3B64+-B2C+< 4.*81C0-1 1? 4.*:5.A+ /1*0 4 51>51< 2+7*6>.5+ 2 ?07*.8+/ +A-639408B26
50?03. & «$+D1 7.*.3 W+>3.284+/» 2+,9816 7*+12:+368 5. 8+-BC+ 7+ 4.*81C0-1 24.*:=
451?, 5+ 1 7+ 310A+50-1. $07*1/.*, 048+* =C0?940.8, D8+ 4.3B/0 «27=281-02B 7+ 4+?3=:=, ,=38+ 7+ -.365+< 7+C08+< A+*.» [4, c.106].
!.3 4 «%*+704;.< A*0/+8.» 4/.28+ 8+A+, D8+,9 7.*.341A08B26 7+ A+*1?+580-1,
136 7+ -.2=, 27=2C0.826 7+ 4.*81C0-1 451?: «S./5+ 1 A-=:+, C0C 4 4155+/ 7+340-.;
8+-BC+ 2-9;5+ ,9-+, D8+ 30-.C+-30-.C+ 44.*:=, 503 A+-+4+J, :+-+359< 4.8.* A=-6- 7+
4.*:=;C0/ 3.*.4» [4, c.86]. @.*+< 7+4.281 2/+A 49,*08B26 504.*: 8+-BC+ 2 7+/+EBJ
3./+51D.2C+A+ 7+/+E51C0: «"+5B, C0C +A+5B, 4?41-26 7+3 51/, 1 3.3, D8+ 781K0, 495.226 504.*:» [4, c.90]. !0559< N71?+3 022+K11*=.826 2 4+-;.,59/1 2C0?C0/1, A.*+1
C+8+*9: 27=2C0J826 4 7+3?./59< /1* +,9D59/ 27+2+,+/, 5+ 4+?4*0E0J826 50?03
7*1 7+/+E1 4+-;.,59: >14+859: 1-1 781K.
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8*=2-14+/= 7+7+41D=, A3. 7-.8.5B «7+51>.», 0 7+2-. 7*1:+30 A+28.<, D8+,9 27*6808B
24+.A+ -J,+451C0, 7+29-0.8 .A+ 50 3+2C1, *027+-+>.559. «7+3 20/9/ 7+8+-C+/».
T315 1? A+28.< O.*.41C0, =413.4 «2415=J *+>=» 4 +C5., «4 5.7+,.31/+/ 28*0:. 7+32C+D1- 7+3 7+8+-+C <…>; 1 7+7+41D 2 A*+/+/ 1 8*.2C+/ 7+-.8.- 50 ?./-J» [4, c.30].
%+3+,59. 218=0K11 428*.D0J826 1 4 3*=A1: A+A+-.42C1: 7+4.286:. W.?C+. 1?/.5.51.
/.28+50:+>3.516 A.*+6 7*130L8 7+4.281 C+/1D.2C=J +C*02C=. & «R+*+D152C+< 6*/0*C.» DL*8 ?028041- >130 4 28*0:. «7-6208B 7+49;. 4+8 N8+A+ 24+-+C0» [4, c.29]. &
7+4.281 «U0C+-3+4055+. /.28+» 048+* 7+3D.*C140.8, D8+ «3*+>B 7*+56-0 3.30», C+A30
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D8+ 3*+>B ,9 7*+56-0 C*.E.5+A+ D.-+4.C0 [+8 28*0:0. – #.%.] 7*1 +35+/ 413., C0C
492+C+ 2C0C0-+ ,.2+42C+. 7-./6» [4, c.87].
@+A+-B 7+3D.*C140.8, D8+ +7025+. 7*+28*05284+ 49?940.8 = A.*+6 D=4284+ 28*0:0.
S0C, 3.3 4 7+4.281 «%*+704;06 A*0/+80» 7+51/0.8, D8+ 50:+31826 /.>3= >1?5BJ 1
2/.*8BJ. «R8*0:, +350C+ >, 5070- 50 5.A+ 7+2*.31 3+*+A1, C+A30 C+5B, 5. 2-=;062B
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7*+40- 1 80C :4081-26 50 35. .A+ + ?./-J, D8+, C0>12B, 1 3=: 49;1,-+» [4, c.90]. S0C1/
+,*0?+/, 4 7+4.281 «%*+704;06 A*0/+80» 50,-J30.826 1?/.5.51. 7*+28*05284.559:
C++*31508. " 5.D128+< 21-. 3.3 7+70-, 136 7+ -.2=, 5+ 50?03 ./= 7*1;-+2B -.8.8B 50
C+5., 7*1DL/ +,*0859< 7=8B 504.*: +C0?0-26 3-155.. 1 +7025...
C0?0559. 7*1/.*9 2413.8.-B284=J8 + 8+/, D8+ 5.D12806 21-0 4 A+A+-.42C1: 7+4.286: 7+3,1*0.826 C D.-+4.C= 1? 492;.A+ 1-1 51?;.A+ (7+ +85+;.51J C D.-+4.D.2C+/= – C0C K.58*0-B5+/=) /1*+4: 2 5.,0, 1? 4+39 1-1 1?-7+3 ?./-1.
& 7.*4+/ A+A+-.42C+/ K1C-. 24+6 2128./0 C++*31508 50,-J30.826 1 4 1?+,*0>.511 D.-+4.D.2C+A+ >1-1E0, A3. C++*315080 %&'( 21/4+-1?1*=.8 3+/0;51< =J8. $07*1/.*, 4 7+4.281 «F0<2C06 5+DB, 1-1 =8+7-.551K0» 415+C=* 213.- 4 :08. A+-+49
«7+3 20/9/ 7+C=8+/, 50 7+D.85+/ /.28.» [4, c.65], 8+ .28B 50 7.D1, C+8+*06 64-6.826
5. 8+-BC+ 21/4+-+/ 8.7-0, 5+ 1 =40>.516.
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A+*9 1 2*0?= >. «7*+70- ?0 A+*+J» [4, c.162]. & 7+4.281 «&.D.* 50C05=5. V4050 "=70-0» =7+/150.826 + 8+/, D8+ «C8+-8+, C0C 8+-BC+ 4.D.*, 28=D18 4 C*9;= 1 K0*070.826 7+
28.5.» [4, c.53]. %+C+<51C 1? *022C0?0 415+C=*0 («F0<2C06 5+DB, 1-1 =8+7-.551K0»)
«263.8 4.*:+/ 50 8*=,=, 7*+C-689<, 1 A0-=;C= 3.*>18 4 ?=,0:. !5./ 42. 7+C+<5+, 1
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51: D.*8, =>. 1 5. *027+?50J! – # C8+ 504.*:=? – G0,0! – $= 4+8, N8+ > 8+ 1 .28B D.*8!»
[4, c.31].
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4 7+4.281 @+A+-6 «&.D.* 50C05=5. V4050 "=70-0» +8-1D0.826 8./, D8+ D028+ 12D.?0.8. V27+-B?=6 3055=J 2J>.85=J 3.80-B, 048+* 7+3D.*C140.8, D8+ «3B64+- 4 D.-+4.D.2C+/ +,*0?.» 495=>3.5 7.*1+31D.2C1 4+?4*0E08B26 4 51>51< /1*. W=20-C1 4 7+4.281
«F0<2C06 5+DB, 1-1 =8+7-.551K0» 49:+368 4 4.*:51< (D.-+4.D.2C1<) /1* 8+-BC+ -=559/1 5+D0/1, 0 /.*84.K9 4 7+4.281 «R8*0;506 /.28B» 7+351/0J826 1? ?./-1 8+-BC+
73
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?./5+/=), 80C 1-1 150D. *027-0D140J826 ?0 N8+.
& «&.D.*0: 50 :=8+*. ,-1? !1C05BC1» ?./5+< /1* 8*031K1+55+ 7*.32804-.5 C0C
D.-+4.D.2C1<: «"+?0C= -=D;. 2708B 50 A-03C+< ?./-. 7*1 4+-B5+/ 5.,.…» [4, c.145].
%*1/.D08.-B5+, D8+ 51 4 +35+< 1? 7+4.28.< 5.D12806 21-0 5. 2/+A-0 +3=*0D18B D.-+4.C0 4 7*149D5+< 3-6 5.A+ 2*.3. (50 ?./-.). "0C 7*041-+, N8+ 7*+12:+318 8+-BC+ 4
«5.D128+/» 7*+28*05284., 4 51>5./, 3B64+-B2C+/ /1*.. !-6 3./+51D.2C1: 2=E.284
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048+* 2 1*+51.< +712940.8, C0C DL*8 4 7+4.281 «$+DB 7.*.3 W+>3.284+/» A*+?1826,
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4 2.*3K0:: «%*+7030< 3=;0, 7+<3= =8+7-J2B 4 7*+-=,., 1 7+/150< C0C ?40-1!» [4,
c.116]. 8+718B26 1-1 7+4.218B26 4 2-04652C+< /1M+-+A11 +?50D0-+ +8308B 3=;= ,.2=.
& 246?1 2 3*.451/1 7*.32804-.516/1 7*.,94051. D.-+4.C0 4 4+?3=;5+/ 1-1 7+3?./5+//7+34+35+/ 7*+28*05284. 7*1*045140-+2B .2-1 5. C 7+8.*. 3=;1, 8+ C A*.:=, C+8+*9< 2-.3=.8 12C=718B.
&.*:51< 1 51>51< /1*9 1?+,*0>0J826 = @+A+-6 C0C «8+8 24.8» (*0< 1 7.C-+), 8+
.28B C0C 24.*:Q.28.284.559. 7*+28*052840. S0C, 1?A50559< 1? 7.C-0 DL*8 4 7+4.281
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5 *0? 1 C0C 215+51/ «030» – 4 *0?0. #48+* 9 *0? 127+-B?=.8 2-+4+2+D.8051. «50 24.8.»
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R-.3+408.-B5+, =:+3 A.*+6 +8 ?./5+A+ 7*+28*052840, 2-1;C+/ ,928*+. 7.*./.E.51. 4 5L/ 1-1, 50+,+*+8, 5.4+?/+>5+28B 7.*./.E.516, +K.5140J826 048+*+/ C0C 5.A081459. 64-.516. «O.*.41C <…> ,.>0- 7+ =-1K0/, 5. 4136 ?./-1 7+3 2+,+J» [4, c.30];
%.8*=2B +8 28=2050 "+*>0 «5.4?4136 ?./-1, 7+-.8.- 28*./A-04» [4, c.44]; 0 3.3 4 7+4.281 «%*+704;06 A*0/+80» 5. =3.*>0-26 50 20805152C+/ 2C0C=5. 1 «7+-.8.- 28*./A-04
4 7*+40-» [4, c.90]. %*1D159 +8*1K08.-B5+A+ +85+;.516 C 7.*./.E.516/ 7+3+,5+A+
*+30 C*+J826 4 -.A.53. +, 1?A50511 !B64+-0 2 5.,.2. «"0C 8+-BC+ G+A 28=718 50 7.*4=J 28=7.5B, 42. 5.D1289. 3=:1 7+-.868 28*./A-04 1 C=D0/1 7+7030J8 4 7.C-+», – A+4+*18 (.4C+ 4 7+4.281 «F0<2C06 5+DB, 1-1 =8+7-.551K0» [4, c.56-57].
& +7120511 7.*2+50>.< @+A+-B 15+A30 127+-B?=.8 7*+28*05284.559. +7*.3.-.516. $07*1/.*, 4 +7120511 45.;5+281 K9A050 4 7+4.281 «R+*+D152C06 6*/0*C0» 048+* +,*0E0.8 451/051. 50 .A+ «2+4.*;.55+ 7*+40-14;1<26 /.>3= 5+2+/ 1 +28*9/
7+3,+*+3C+/ *+8» [4, c.24]. & 3055+< 7+4.281 7*+28*05284.559. +*1.581*9 A+*9–
«7*+40-» 7.*.5+26826 50 45.;5+28B 7.*2+50>0, C+8+*9< 5. 49?940.8 21/7081<. &
D.*80: K9A050, C0C +8/.D0.8 71208.-B, «,9-+ D8+-8+ <…> 51?C+. 1 4/.28. 492+C+/.*5+.». S0C, /.*84.K %.8*+ 4 7+4.281 «R8*0;506 /.28B» «42.: 49;., 42.: 28*0;5..»
[4, c.172].
V80C, 7*+28*05284.5506 /+3.-B /1*0 4 K1C-. $.&.@+A+-6 «&.D.*0 50 :=8+*. ,-1?
!1C05BC1» 28*+1826 50 34=: (?./-6–5.,+), 8*L: (4+30/7+3?./59< /1*/7.C-+–?./-6–
5.,+ 1-1 ?./-6–A+*9–5.,+) 1 D.89*L:=*+45.4+< (5.,+–A+*9–?./-6/4+30–«7*+40-9»
74
1-1 5.,+–A+*9–«7*+40-9»–7+3?./.-B.) 4.*81C0-1. 5&'(/)*+ 4 7+4.286: 71208.-6 2+.3156J826 2 7+/+EBJ F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40, 3=,0 (C0C *0?5+4135+281 F1*+4+A+ 3.*.40),
*.C1, -.2851K9, /.26K0, A+*. R-.3=.8 +8/.818B, D8+ N80 /1M+-+A1D.2C06 +77+?1K16
64-6.826 40>59/ :*+5+8+71D.2C1/ N-./.58+/ 7.*4+A+ A+A+-.42C+A+ 2,+*51C0, 0 +*1.580K1+5506 /.80M+*0 %&'(/)*+ 80C>. 1A*0.8 ?50D1/=J *+-B 4 4964-.511 3*=A+< +77+?1K11 – -!3'!/+"!.
(#1)-.10-.
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1 N28.81C1. V22-.3+40516 *0?59: -.8 / F. F. G0:815. – F. : X=3+>. -18., 1975. – 504 2.
2. 6$(#*) 7. 7. W0,-. 1 @+A+-B / F. F. G0:815 // S4+*D.284+ Y*052=0 W0,-. 1 50*+3506
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1990. – R. 526–536.
3. &4.3.51. 4 -18.*08=*+4.3.51.. (18.*08=*5+. 7*+1?4.3.51.: T25+459. 7+56816 1 8.*/159: =D.,. 7+2+,. / [(. &. O.*5.K, &. '. X0-1?.4, R. $. G*+<8/05 1 3*.] ; 7+3. *.3. (. &. O.*5.K.
– F. : &92;06 ;C+-0 : V?3. K.58* «#C03./16», 1999. – 556 2.
4. 8!9!". :. 5. R+,*051. 2+D15.51< : 4 7 8. – F. : X=3+>. -18., 1976. – S. 1 : &.D.*0 50
:=8+*. ,-1? !1C05BC1 / 7+3. +,E. *.3. R. V. F0;152C+A+ 1 F. G. X*07D.5C+; 7*1/.D. #. &. O1D.*150 1 $. (. R8.705+40. – 333 2.
5. ;!,$<&)=! >. 5. T, 158.*7*.80K11 1 8+-C+40511 / #. &. !+/0E.5C+. – !+5.KC : !+5$ , 2007. – 277 2.
6. ?%$)!% 5. 5. &.*: 1 51? / &. &. V405+4 // F1M9 50*+3+4 /1*0 : P5K1C-+7.316. – F.,
1980. – S. 1. – R.233–234.
7. "+53*08B.40 T. $. &.*81C0-B506 +2B «4.*:-51?» 4 :0*0C8.*1281C. C+5K.78+4 45=8*.55.A+ /1*0 D.-+4.C0 (50 /08.*10-. *=22C1: -.8+712.<) [P-.C8*+559< *.2=*2] / T. $. "+53*08B.40. – W.>1/ 3+28=70 : http://www.teneta.ru/rus/ke/kondrateva.htm
8. @$=!AA ;B. F.80M+*9, C+8+*9/1 /9 >14L/. IV. T*1.580K1+559. /.80M+*9 [P-.C8*+559< *.2=*2] / !>. (0C+MM !>., F. !>+52+5 // S.+*16 /.80M+*9. – F., 1990. – R. 387–415.
– W.>1/ 3+28=70 : http://www.philology.ru/linguistics1/lakoff–johnson–90.htm
9. 7$C$D1'$ 5. ?. $. &. @+A+-B: :=3+>.284.559< /1* 2C4+?B 7*1?/= 7+N81C1 / &. V. F0K07=*0. – %+-8040 : %+-8042BC1< -Z8.*08+*, 2009. – 304 2.
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N5K1C-+7.316», 1987. – S. 1. : #-". – 71 2.
11. !D!%*E 7. 5. F1C+-0 @+A+-B : [*+/05-.2.] / F. &. %+7+41D. – ". : F+-+3B, 1989. –
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75
Anna Pavelyeva
SPATIAL OPPOSITION UP/DOWN IN GOGOL’S CYCLE «THE EVENINGS AT THE
FARMSTEAD NEAR DYKANKA»
The main object of investigation in this article is the spatial opposition up/down in Gogol’s
cycle «The Evenings At The Farmstead Near Dykanka». The author of the article proves, that spatial
opposition up/down is implemented in «Ukrainian» short-stories by Gogol with the help of the images
of the World Tree, an oak, a river, the moon and etc. Connection of the mentioned spatial reference
points with the opposition good/evil is underlined
Key words: up, down, World Model, World tree, ladder, sky, ground.
T3.*>05+ 11.02.2010 *., *.C+/.53+405+ 3+ 3*=C= 25.03.2010 *.
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7+49;.559/ 158.*.2+/ C 7*+,-./. 158.*8.C28=0-B5+281. T350C+ 50 2.A+356;51<
3.5B A*051K9 1 2+3.*>051. 7+56816 «158.*8.C28=0-B5+28B» 4 -18.*08=*+4.3.511 5.
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